London Mayor Sadiq Khan's expansion of the Ultra-Low Emission Zone (ULEZ) to all of Greater London in August has been controversial because of its 12.50 pounds ($15.75) a day charge for the most-polluting vehicles.
Hundreds of cameras have been stolen, obscured or had their cables damaged in protest, after an unsuccessful campaign and legal action to stop it.
The British capital's Metropolitan Police said it had launched an investigation after an explosion damaged a ULEZ camera, cars and property in Sidcup at about 6:45 pm (1845 GMT) on Wednesday.
"The incident is being treated as a deliberate act, which was caused by what appears to be a low-sophistication improvised explosive device (IED)," the force said in a statement.
"At this early stage, the incident is not being treated as terrorism.
Detective Chief Superintendent Trevor Lawry said no one was injured but described the blast as "extremely concerning".
"This could have very easily resulted in members of the public being very seriously injured," he added.
Remains of the IED were sent for forensic tests, it added.
The ULEZ scheme is designed to improve air quality in London but faced a fierce backlash from those living in the newly encompassed areas, who face fines of up to 160 pounds for each day they fail to pay.
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