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Colombia grapples with setbacks in peace efforts
By Alina DIESTE
Bogota (AFP) Oct 29, 2016


Colombia's Santos says hopes for new FARC deal by Christmas
London (AFP) Oct 30, 2016 - Colombian President Juan Manuel Santos said in an interview Sunday that he hoped to secure a new deal with FARC rebels by Christmas, warning that any further delay could make the peace process "explode".

The government signed a historic agreement last month with the Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia (FARC), Colombia's biggest rebel group, but in a shock move, voters rejected the deal in a referendum on October 2.

"All the negotiators and I have met almost every organisation and we are now digesting more than 500 proposals -- and talking with the FARC -- to have a new agreement, agreed and approved, by Christmas. That is my goal," Santos told Britain's Observer newspaper.

"This uncertainty is very risky, because anything could happen that could really make the process explode. So I am working 24 hours a day, seven days a week, with my team to get another agreement," he added.

Since the referendum, Santos has held marathon talks with political figures including former president Alvaro Uribe -- who led opposition to the agreement -- as well as religious leaders and victims of the armed conflict.

Santos, who won the Nobel peace prize this year for his efforts, said he was happy to meet Uribe "any time" but said "he has been stalling, not allowing the teams to get into real negotiations".

"I am ready, I am eager, because I know that if we sit down we can agree on many of the things that concern him," the president said.

Uribe had criticised the deal for granting "total impunity" for rebel crimes.

Santos said: "Some of the proposals are viable and we think the FARC should accept them, but others are simply not viable.

"For example the ones that say there is no armed conflict in Colombia, and that there is no war in Colombia and that there are no victims in Colombia and therefore the transitional justice cannot apply."

The interview comes ahead of a state visit by Santos to Britain on Tuesday, the first ever by a Colombian president, where he will meet with Queen Elizabeth II and Prime Minister Theresa May.

On Thursday, he will travel to Belfast to meet key figures in Northern Ireland's peace process, the Foreign Office said.

Colombia's government claimed progress Friday toward saving a peace deal with FARC rebels, but efforts to open talks with another guerrilla group, the ELN, remained suspended over a hostage dispute.

President Juan Manuel Santos said recently he aimed for a "complete peace" through deals with both groups after half a century of war.

Now he is fighting to salvage the peace effort on two fronts.

An accord with the leftist National Liberation Army (ELN) was meant to crown a historic agreement signed last month with Colombia's biggest rebel group, the Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia (FARC).

That was until voters surprised the government by rejecting the FARC accord in an October 2 referendum. Critics said the deal was too soft on the FARC.

Santos won the Nobel Peace Prize this month for his efforts. But he admitted there was still work to be done.

- New FARC deal -

After the referendum, Santos's team went back to the drawing board with FARC negotiators in Havana.

They said Friday they had begun drafting a new deal, taking into account the demands of opponents of the earlier accord.

"The proposals are being discussed carefully. Many of them are being incorporated into the text of a new accord," both sides said in a joint statement.

They said they would resume work next week "with the aim of securing a new definitive accord quickly and efficiently."

Santos said his negotiators, meanwhile, would meet again with their political opponents on Saturday to discuss their demands for the new accord.

"Time is pressing, because the ceasefire we agreed is fragile," he said.

"It is a question of goodwill and taking decisions. This can be achieved in days."

- Hostage setback -

Meanwhile, the peace drive suffered another setback this week.

The government on Thursday postponed the official start of talks with the ELN.

Santos complained the ELN had not yet released a hostage, former congressman Odin Sanchez.

ELN negotiator Pablo Beltran said the group had agreed to release Sanchez but had not promised to do so before the dialogue is launched.

The talks were to have been formally inaugurated on Thursday with the first proper sessions of negotiations scheduled for November 3.

Analysts said Thursday's postponement was likely just a hiccup.

"It can't be called a failure yet," said Carlos Alfonso Velasquez, a specialist in conflict analysis.

"But it will be if the talks do not start on November 3, and the ELN knows it."

- Deadly violence -

Colombian authorities estimate the ELN currently has 1,500 members.

That makes it smaller than the FARC, which has some 5,765 members.

Analysts said the ELN also has a different approach to peace talks.

The FARC freed its hostages before peace talks and later declared a ceasefire.

In a reminder of the stakes of the peace bid, deadly violence struck after the ELN talks were postponed.

Two truck drivers were killed in the country's northeast in what the military said was a "terrorist act" committed by the ELN.

"The ELN guerrilla group comes strengthened to the negotiations with the government," Colombia's Conflict Analysis Resource Center (CERAC) said in a report this month.

"Over the past three years this group has increased its level of violence."

- Tough negotiations -

Colombia's ideological and territorial conflict broke out in 1964, when the FARC and ELN were formed.

It has drawn in various groups and killed more than 260,000 people, according to Colombian authorities.

"These negotiations will not be easy," said Ariel Avila, an analyst at Colombia's Peace and Reconciliation Foundation.

"Getting them started will be even harder."


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