The antennae are printed directly on the corrugated box -- eliminating one step in the process of attaching the tracking technology and reducing the overall cost of using it in so-called supply-chain management.

A supply chain is an industry term for a series of smaller manufacturers who supply parts for a larger firm, which ultimately ships the completed product to yet another outfit, like a retailer.

A number of consumer products goods (CPG) manufacturers are expressing an interest in using the boxes, possibly increasing the speed at which they can ship products to stores. "Speed and flexibility continue to be crucial," said Tony Sabetti, director of the ultra-high frequency retail supply chain project at Texas Instruments, based in suburban Dallas, as companies seek to "convert process technology in the supply chain."

The technology, being used by retailers such as Wal-Mart and Walgreens, is also changing merchandising, impacting product placement in stores and helping managers track foot traffic within stores, so as to improve the placement of related products, and ease their purchase, according to a recent white paper on the subject by Kanbay International.

These technologies are being used by visionaries and early adopters now, but, in the coming years, the tools will breach the chasm and hit the mainstream market, where pragmatists, conservatives, and even today's skeptics will embrace it.

A recent study by the University of Arkansas showed that RFID technologies reduced out-of-stock item complaints by 16 percent in one pilot program.

The technology that is enabling this trend is quite fascinating - an integrated circuit (IC) and two conducting pads that are connected to a conductive antenna that is printed on packaging materials, or even on the face of an adhesive label.

When printed on labels, the technology can be dispensed from a continuous, reel-to-reel format. Right now, many in the industry consider the technology to be early stage, suitable for testing and development, said Joseph LeBlanc, vice president of Smurfit-Stone Container, based in Chicago. The company is continuing the development of the so-called Tag It technology, he added.

Other developers are moving along with cutting-edge, wireless applications. Symbol Technologies Inc. disclosed that it was moving forward with plans for a networking technology that will enable businesses to manage RFID devices on a WiFi network, just like they manage other devices, like computers and mobile phones.

The technology is called the Wireless Next Generation, or WiNG, architecture. The idea is to enable companies to "capture data, move the information on a WiFi network, and securely manage the entire system," said Anthony Bartolo, vice president and general manager of Symbol's wireless and RFID divisions.

Customers like British Petroleum are using the networks already. "The integration of current and emerging RF communications for large industrial sites could yield greater efficiencies for business operations," said Mike Haley, chief technology officer of BP.

Other companies -- in the pharmaceutical industry, for example -- are embracing the technology too. Simply put, RFID is providing manufacturers with the data they need from the shop floor to "analyze opportunities for improvement," Mike Newkirk, a manufacturing industry strategist for SAS, told UPI. "Standards -- technical issues -- and return on investment -- business issues -- are the big barriers in manufacturing, but they will come around and pretty soon, I think."

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